PetsCareMart

Ten thousand years ago today, man left
nomadism and started agriculture. Around 8000 BC, agriculture began in
Southeast Asia in areas known as the “Fertile Crescent”. This period
is called the Neolithic Period. This is the Stone Age. Excavations in the area
uncovered burnt seeds, barley, wheat and a variety of pulses, husks and bones
of domestic sheep and goats. Agriculture began with the cultivation of
spontaneous and wild plant species to meet the nutritional needs of humans.

At the same time, the process of
domesticating wild animals continued. Animals began to be reared for food,
transportation, protection, hunting, messaging, agriculture and fighting. From
here, the relationship between humans and animals began to recover. With the
passage of time, pet animals began to be raised as a home decoration and
fashion.

Sheep and goats were first domesticated
under agriculture in Southwest Asia. Some cattle, pigs and chickens were
domesticated in South and East Asia. The same thing happened in Europe. Very
few animals are domesticated in the United States. Only in North America were
turkeys (Turkey) and in South America Ilama, Alpaca and Guinea Pig
domesticated. No pets have been domesticated in Africa or Australia.

As time went on, the desire to keep ‘pets
with me’ grew. Dogs, parrots and cats are the most domesticated animals.
Strange stories are known about pets. For example, arranging pet marriages,
leaving property in their name, carrying a pocket dog in their pockets,
roosting, partridge, bullfighting, etc.

Accompanying animals is beneficial to
humans in many ways. Mr. Mukhtar Badri in his book “Animals in Urdu
Poetry” entitled “We and animals” in the style of money style:

According to a study conducted in
Australia, the condition of patients suffering from depression has improved
significantly due to their love for animals. People who keep animals have lower
blood pressure and lower cholesterol levels. It is also known that people who
keep pets are less likely to catch colds and flu.

As well as being beneficial to humans,
pets are also harmful. There is always a risk of zoonosis. What is zoonosis? It
can be easily defined as:

“Zoonosis is an ailment that is
transmitted from animals to human beings.”

Zoonosis is a disease that is transmitted
from animals to humans. (The plural form of zoonosis is zoonoses.) These
animals can be wild as well as domesticated, but pets play a big part in this.
These disease-carrying animals are called carriers.

In today’s fast-paced life, just as man
is always trying to keep himself updated in order to progress, so are germs,
viruses and other living things that keep themselves updated and expand their
scope. Strive to be wider! The spread of animal diseases is also increasing day
by day. Efforts to control and prevent zoonosis, such as vaccinations and
precautions, are dwindling and the disease is spreading rapidly.

World Zoonosis Day is now celebrated on
July 6 every year in view of the dangers of zoonosis. This day reminds breeders
to vaccinate their pets and to use the vaccines themselves, and that if they do
not, their beloved animals can be a danger to them. Along with them, their
milk, eggs and meat can be a precursor to zoonoses. Zoonoses are also called
Zoonotic Diseases. Many modern diseases are of zoonotic nature. Sequencing of
DNA and RNA strains has shown that measles, smallpox, influenza, HIV and
diphtheria are transmitted from animals to humans. Similarly, Common Cold and
Tuberculosis (TB) are also counted in Zoonotic Diseases.

Most diseases are “Specific”.
That is, they prey on a specific species of animal. But many other diseases
affect different species of animals. These diseases are infectious. They are
caused by bacteria, viruses and other organisms that can live not only in
animals but also in humans.

Different diseases are transmitted from
animals to humans in different ways. In some cases, these diseases are
transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, while some
other diseases are transmitted through drinking water. Eggs of disease
parasites are added to drinking water. The eggs of infected animals contain
these eggs which are absorbed into the water. Eating the meat of infected
animals also transmits the disease to humans. This is how the pumpkin seeds
spread. Some other diseases are spread by the bite of vector insects. Insects
such as fleas and ticks suck the blood of infected animals, the germs of
diseases also enter the body of insects with the blood, and then when they bite
humans, the germs of diseases enter the human body. These worms are called
vectors.

The spread of Zoonotic Diseases

The Atlanta-based Center for Disease
Control (CDC) estimates that most of the diseases that appear today are zoonotic.
Eleven of the 12 new diseases are caused by animals, the CDC director said in a
statement. The reason is said to be that these days wild animals are
transported from one part of the world to another. These animals also carry
diseases with them. Similarly, precautionary measures are not taken in meat
shops and food hotels. Even in pet markets, no special attention is paid to
vaccines.

Some Animal Diseases

Public knowledge of animal-to-human
transmission is very limited. For example, plague caused by rats and rabies
caused by the bite of a mad dog. Pets can also be a risk factor, it doesn’t go
down the throat! There are some zoonoses that are unbelievable to know, such as
an elephant can get Tuberculosis and it can infect humans! Some of the zoonotic
diseases that are more prevalent are as follows:

Rabies

Its infected animals are found in large
numbers. Dogs, bats, monkeys, foxes, cattle, wolves, mongooses and cats. Rabies
virus first infects these animals and then these animals infect humans in
different ways. Rabies is a deadly disease. Rabies viruses are transmitted to
humans through the saliva or saliva of infected animals, or by biting or
injuring them. These viruses destroy nerve cells in infected animals and
humans. If left untreated, the patient is certain to die. An important symptom
of this disease is that the patient cannot drink water. Therefore, this disease
is also called hydrophobia. 

When bitten by a suspicious animal, the
wound should first be thoroughly washed with soap and water. If the bitten
animal shows signs of rabies, i.e. becomes aggressive and starts attacking
without any reason, it should be vaccinated against rabies immediately. This is
the safest treatment. The vaccine was invented by Louis Pasteur. The course of
this vaccine is seven to fourteen injections that need to be taken daily,
without interruption. Doctors decide how many injections to give based on the
severity of the disease. Recently, an innovative vaccine has been developed
with the help of biotechnology, for which only one injection is sufficient.

Anthrax

The bacterium responsible for this
disease is Bacillus anthraces. Infectious animals include herbivores, sheep,
goats, camels, horses and pigs. The disease causes abscesses on the skin and
lungs of the patient which are very painful. With food, anthrax spores reach
the body. Spores also enter the body through inhalation and exposure, where
they turn into germs and cause disease.

Tuberculosis

The disease is caused by Mycobacterium
bovis. Cats, foxes, cattle, deer, pigs, rats are responsible for its spread.
The disease is spread by consuming the milk of infected animals, breathing in
the air around them and their waste. TB treatment is long but possible. DOTS
treatment ensures that the disease is cured. The BCG vaccine given to children
protects them from TB for life.

Influenza

Influenza A. Virus is responsible for this disease.
Horses, pigs, pets and wild birds, wild mammals such as seals and whales, mink,
etc. are carriers of this disease. Influenza is a respiratory disease commonly
referred to as the flu. Symptoms include fever, weakness, muscle aches, sore
throat, cough, runny nose, and digestive problems. Influenza is completely
curable.

Ebola Virus Disease

It is a modern disease caused by
Ebolavirus Spp. Carriers of this virus are chimpanzees, guerrillas, fruit bats,
monkeys, wild deer, etc. The virus is present in the body fluids of infected
animals. Eating the meat of these animals can also cause people to get this
disease. The first outbreak of the disease occurred in some African countries
on December 6, 2013. The second attack took place in March 2014. Thousands have
died in both attacks. 

The disease begins with the common cold,
followed by chills, fever, lethargy, nausea, diarrhea and severe headaches.
Then the patient is seen bleeding from different places, fainting and paralysis
of all the systems of the body. The patient dies within two weeks. Some
patients also recover. In this disease, the patient’s immunity is more
important than the medicine. Cleaning the whole body and especially the hands
is the most important precaution.

African Sleeping Sickness

It is a strange disease. As the name
implies, the patient stays asleep. If the treatment is neglected, he dies in
his sleep. Many wild and domestic animals are infected. The disease is caused
by Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense. The Tsetse Fly, a bee found in Africa, is a
vector of this disease.

Mad Cow Disease

It is a mental illness of pets in which
their nervous system is affected and they start showing signs of insanity. The
medical name for this disease is BSE, meaning Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.
The flesh of infected animals transmits the disease to humans.

In addition to these, there are many other
diseases which are included in the list of Zoonoses such as Brucellosis,
Cat-scratch Disease, Cryptococcosis, Echinococcosis, Histoplasmosis,
Leptospirosis, Tularemia, Trichinosis and Toxoplasmosis.